BAARIS AKADEMIYEEDKA CILMIGA BULSHADA: CASHARKII 7AAD

Maantus Baarineed iyo Dareentus Baarineed

Casharkii lixaad waxa aynu ku baranay iskuul fekerka tarjumidda (Interpretivism). Casharkan waxa aynu ku baran doonaa isbarbardhiga labada hab baarineed ee ugu caansan cilmibaarista, taas oo gundhigoodu dhaca felsafadda. Labadaas hab baarineed waxay kala yihiin: Dareentus Baarineed iyo Maantus Baarineed (Inductive research and Deductive Research).

Ka hor inta aan gudaha u galin, waxaan rabaa in aan idin la wadaago xog ku saabsan in cilmibaaris walba ay marto laba heer: Heerka aragtida iyo heerka daawashada (Theoretical level and Observational level). Maantus baarineedka iyo dareentus baarineedka, labaduba waxay ku dulwareegtaan labadaas heer baarineed. Mid waxaa loo adeegsadaa dhisidda aragti cilmiyeed ama daahfurka aqoon cusub, tan kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa tijaabinta ama beeninta, xaqiijinta aragti cilmiyeedyada. Si kale, ujeeddada maantus baarineedka waa aragti dhisid, iyada oo la adeegsanayo xogta la xiriira ilqabatada. Dhanka kale, ujeedka dareentus baarineedka waa tijaabinta aragti jirtay, iyada oo la adeegsanayo xog ilqabatineedka.

Cilmibaaraha adeegsada maantus baarineedka, waxaan ku matali lahaa sida qof saaran buur dheer dusheeda, kaddibna hoos u soo daadagaya. Si kale u dhig, kor ka soo bilow, hoos u soco. Taa caksigeeda dareentus baarineedka waxay la mid tahay qof jooga buurta hoosteeda, kaddibna raba in uu fuulo buurta dusheeda sare. Si kale u dhig, hoos ka soo bilow, kor u soco.

Maantus baarineedka waxaa loo isticmaalaa dhisidda aragti cilmiyeed (theory-building research), waxaana isticmaala cilmibaareyaasha barashada bulshada, iyaga oo raba in ay ogaadan, sidoo kale sharxaan rumaynta, mawqifka iyo maantuska qof ama koox. Felsafadda ka dambeysa maantus baarineedka waa mid ku dulwareeganaysa rumaysashada in maanku yahay ilaha aqoonta saxda ah. Dhanka kale, dareentus baarineedka waxaa adeegsada cilmibaareyaasha iskuul fekerka togannidda iyo mad-habka itusoo itaabsii (Positivist and Empiricist). Inta badan waxaa loo adeegsadaa tijaabinta aragti cilmiyeedyada (theory-testing research).

Hannaanka Maantus Baarineedka 

Cilmibaare walba oo doonaya in uu qaado waddada maantus baarineedka waa ku waajib in uu tixgeliyo qodobada hoose:

1. Doorashada mowduuc.
2. Doorashada su’aallo baarineedyada aad rabto in aad u hesho jawaab.
3. Uruurinta xog ama macluumaad adiga oo uu maraya daawasho (Observation).
4. Fasiraadda xogta ama macluumaadka.
5. Dhisidda aragti sharxid ku saabsan xogta ama macluumaadka
6. Uruurinta xog ama macuulmaad saafi ah, si aad u tijaabiso aragti sharxiddii hore.
7. Ku celcelinta ilaa aad la timaaddo gunaanad (conclusion), taas oo aan ka baxsaneen moorada beeninta (Falsifiability).

Hannaanka Dareentus Baarineedka

1. Doorashada aragti cilmiyeed horay u jirtay, tus. Aragtida taddawurka
2. Qaabeenta su’aal baarineedyada.
3. Xusidda Mala-awaal (Hypothesis).
4. Uruurinta xog ama macluumaad la xiriira su’aal baarineedyada.
5. Gorfaynta iyo tarjumidda xogta ama macluumaadka.
6. Xaqiijinta ama beeninta mala-awaalka ama aragtida.

Hannaanka ama wareega ay maraan labadooda. (Fiiri Sawirka hoose).

Xigasho: https://scmresearch.org/tag/theory-testing/

Ugu dambeyn, dareentus baarineedka iyo maantus baarineedka, labaduba waxay muhiim u yihiin horumarinta sayniska iyo cilmibaarista. Cilmibaaraha xariifka ahi, waa kan adeegsada labadooda, kaddib soosaara aqoon cusub, beeniya ama rumeeya aragti jirtay.

Wixii dheeraad ah, akhri buuggaagta hoose:

1. Roger Pierce, “Research Methods in Politics: A practical guide” (2008). SAGE Publications. Pp. 32-33.
2. Bhattacherjee, Anol, “Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices” (2012). USF Tampa Bay Open Access Textbooks. Pp. 4-5

WQ: Hassan Mudane

Qoraa iyo Lafagure Arrimaha Afrika